![]() With an understanding of object oriented programming and classes, let’s now look at how the _init_ method works within a Python program. The special method _init_ is the Python constructor. With our dog class example, you can use a constructor to assign dog characteristics to each Fox Terrier object. The constructor is used in the class to initialize data members to the object. The ConstructorĪ constructor is a special method that the program calls upon an object’s creation. On the other hand, user-defined methods, like n(), are called explicitly. The _str_ method is called when you print() an object. For instance, when you create a new object, Python automatically calls the _new_ method, which in turn calls the _init_ method. Most of them work in the background and are called automatically when needed by the program. Python uses special methods to enhance the functionality of classes. Special methods are identified by a double underscore at either side of their name, such as _init_. The programmer creates this method and has it perform specific actions. For instance, a dog class could have a walk() method that the dog object can use. A user-defined method is a function created by the programmer to serve a specific purpose. Python differentiates between user-defined methods, written by the programmer, and special methods that are built into the language. Methods are functions within a class that are designed to perform a specific task. Classes use methods and constructors to create and define objects. Since a Fox Terrier is a dog, we can create a dog object that will inherit the characteristics of its class. From an OOP standpoint, you can think of dog as a class that includes a dog’s characteristics such as its breed, or eye color. Let’s take the example of a fox terrier-a breed of dog. ![]() You can view the class as an object factory. What Is a Class?Ī class defines and structures all of the objects that are created from it. ![]() Let’s start by defining a class in Python. We can see in the above diagram that the dog class contains specific dog characteristics, such as breed and eye color, as well as the abilities to run and walk. The following diagram illustrates this idea: ![]() They serve as templates from which objects are created. To declare, initialize, and manipulate objects in Python, we use classes. An object is a collection of complex variables and functions and can be used to represent real entities like a button, an airplane, or a person. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming pattern that consists in defining objects and interacting with them. PYTHON INITIATER HOW TOIn this article, we’ll review the paradigm of object-oriented programming before explaining why and how to use the _init_ method. The _init_ method is at the core of OOP and is required to create objects. As a modern programming language, Python provides all the means to implement the object-oriented philosophy. Today, a programmer is bound to come across object-oriented programming (OOP) during their career. ![]()
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